Melanoma

While melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer, it is by far the most serious. Melanocytes are cells found in the bottom layer of the epidermis. These cells produce melanin, the substance responsible for skin pigmentation. That's why melanomas often present as dark brown or black spots on the skin. Melanomas spread rapidly to internal organs and the lymph system, making them quite dangerous. Early detection is critical for curing this skin cancer.

Melanomas look like moles and often do grow inside existing moles. That's why it is important for people to conduct regular self-examinations of their skin in order to detect any potential skin cancer early, when it is treatable. Most melanomas are caused by overexposure to the sun beginning in childhood. This cancer also runs in families.

Melanoma is diagnosed via a biopsy. Treatments include surgical removal, and sometimes lymph node evaluation.

What to Look For

• • Large brown spots with darker speckles located anywhere on the body.
• • Dark lesions on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, fingertips toes, mouth, nose or genitalia.
• • Existing moles that begin to grow, itch or bleed.
• • Brown or black streaks under the nails.
• • A sore that repeatedly heals and re-opens.
• • Irregular brown or dark patches anywhere on the skin
• • Dark nodules anywhere on the skin

The American Academy of Dermatology has developed the following ABCDE guide for assessing whether or not a mole or other lesion may be becoming cancerous.

Asymmetry: Half the mole does not match the other half in size, shape or color.

Border: The edges of moles are irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined.

Color: The mole is not the same color throughout.

Diameter: The mole is usually greater than 6 millimeters when diagnosed, but may also be smaller.

Evolving: A mole or skin lesion that is different from the rest, or changes in size, shape, or color.

If any of these conditions occur, please make an appointment to see one of our dermatologists right away. The doctor may do a biopsy of the mole to determine if it is or isn't cancerous.

Prevention

Melanoma cancers are attributable to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. That's why prevention involves:

• • Staying out of the sun during peak hours (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.).
• • Covering up the arms and legs with protective clothing.
• • Wearing a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses.
• • Using sunscreens year round with a SPF of 30 or greater and sunblocks that work on both UVA and UVB rays. Look for products that use the term "broad spectrum."
• • Checking your skin monthly and contacting your dermatologist if you notice any changes.
• • Getting regular skin examinations. It is advised that adults over 40 get an annual exam with a dermatologist.